·         Arnold- Chiari malformation- Between 80 and 90% seen as an abnormal banana shaped cerebellum or absent cerebellum.

 

·         Ventriculomegaly- 75% of cases of spina bifida demonstrate this abnormality

 

·         Lemon shaped head- seen in 90-95% of fetuses.

·         Abnormal spine- the majority (63%) occur in the lumbosacral region where there abnormally wide and divergent lateral masses are evident. There may be skin covering or just thing membrane. Open – 80%; closed- 20%.



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