·         Fetal death/stillbirth

·         Intrauterine/perinatal asphyxia and hypoxia causing cerebral palsy, mental handicap, etc.

·         Premature delivery

·         Problems in the neonatal period

Hypoglycemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypothermia

Polycythemia

Thrombocytopenia

Pulmonary hemorrhage

Necrotizing enterocolitis.

 

NB- The ‘starved’ fetus has low glycogen and other energy stores and is thus less able to withstand the stress of delivery and the neonatal period.