·         Previous child with growth retardation or preeclampsia

 

Hypertension: essential or of pregnancy

Diabetes mellitus

Collagen vascular disease (SLE)

Cardiac disease: particularly if causing maternal

Polycythemia

Renal disease

Sickle cell disease*

Drug addiction

Heavy smoker

Alcohol abuse

Infection

 

·         Multiple pregnancy

Has an increased risk of IUGR, premature delivery and PH.


 


                                                                                                         Fig. 1 Sickel Cell