·         Umbilical cord cysts- Allantoic cysts may be associated with omphalocele.

·         Normal variant- Variation in the size of the umbilical vessels and amount of Wharton's jelly present

·         Placental chorioangiomas- These tumors, when present on the placental surface, may involve the umbilical cord.

·         Mucoid degeneration- The umbilical cord id thickened with cystic mass(es) withing. The umbilical arterial velocimetry is normal.